Non-Invasive Cardiology Procedures

1. Echocardiography : It is an echo test or heart ultrasound test that uses sound waves to create moving pictures of your heart.
2. 3D Echocardiography : It is a painless echo test that will provide cardiac structures from any spatial point of view and give detailed information about absolute heart chamber volumes and functions.
3. TEE : Trans-esophageal echocardiography is a test that uses sound waves to create moving pictures of your heart and its blood vessels.
4. Dobutamine stress ECHO : It is a test procedure used to determine the heart’s function and structures under stress.
5. Contrast Echocardiography : It is a procedure to improve echocardiographic resolution and provide real-time evaluation of intracardiac blood flow.
6. Holter : A Holter is a portable electrocardiography device used for cardiac monitoring (tracking heart’s rhythms) for 24 to 48 hours.
7. Ambulatory Blood Pressure monitoring : It is a method used to measure blood pressure at regular intervals.
8. Tilt Table Study : This is a test used to determine the cause of fainting spells (syncope).

Invasive Cardiology Procedures

1. Angiography/Cardiac Cath : It is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to view the inside or lumen of blood vessels and organs of the body.
2. Angioplasty, including complex angioplasties like chronic total Occlusion : It is a minimally invasive technique used to restore blood flow through the artery. Chronic Total Occlusion is a complete blockage of a coronary artery for 30 or more days.
3. Percutaneous Aortic, Mitral, Pulmonary and Tricuspid Valvotomies : It is a procedure that involves the replacement of the Aortic valve, Mitral valve, Pulmonary valve, and Tricuspid valve due to high surgical risk.
4. Percutaneous Aortic aneurysm repair by stent grafts : It is a minimally invasive technique to repair an aortic aneurysm (abnormal bulge in the aorta) using a stent graft.
5. Renal Angioplasty and Carotid Angioplasty :
   • Renal angioplasty is a method to treat renal artery stenosis (narrowed renal artery). Carotid Angioplasty is a method that opens the blocked arteries to restore blood flow to the brain.
6. Peripheral Angioplasty including Subintimal Angioplasty :
   • Peripheral angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to re-open blood vessels to allow oxygen-rich blood to pass through smoothly.
   • Subintimal Angioplasty is a procedure to treat athero occlusive disease of the superficial femoral artery.
7. IVC filter and Pulmonary Embolectomy :
   • Inferior vena cava is a type of vascular filter to help prevent pulmonary embolism.
   • A Pulmonary Embolectomy is a surgical method that involves the removal of a pulmonary embolism, which is a blockage in an artery in the lungs.
8. Septal Ablation for HOCM : It is a non-surgical procedure to treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (heart muscle becomes abnormally thick).
9. Device closure of congenital cardiac defects : The closure devices are used to close a defect (birth defect) or an opening between the right and left sides of the heart.
10. Radiofrequency Ablation for supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmia : It is a procedure used to treat ventricular tachycardia (Coronary Artery Disease and Remote Myocardial infarction).
11. 3D Electrical Cardiac Mapping : It is a procedure that is used to diagnose the improper beating of the heart, which may be irregular, too fast, or too slow. This condition is referred to as arrhythmia.
12. Pacemaker Implantation : It is a procedure in which a small electronic device is implanted in the chest to help regulate slow electrical problems with the heart.
13. ICDs and Combo device implantation : ICDs are implantable cardioverter defibrillators is a devices used to track heart rate. Whereas, A combo device is used to improve the pumping capacity of the heart and prevent sudden death in patients with heart failure.
14. Resynchronization therapy : It is a procedure used to implant a device in your chest to make your heart chambers contract in an efficient way (treatment option for heart failure).
15. IVUS : It is an Intravascular ultrasound or intravascular echocardiography procedure which uses high-frequency sound waves to create moving pictures of your heart. This procedure will show a detailed visualization of the artery wall and provide significant information about the amount of plaque developed and assess if the individual is at risk of a heart attack.